Monday, April 16, 2007

Three Axes for IMS: #3 User Oriented Architecture

The Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an IT architecture that enables the creation of applications via the combination of loosely coupled and interoperable services. While there may be different implementations, typical SOA makes use of WSDL, BPEL and web services. Web 2.0 and Mashups are also linked to SOA.

SOA concepts and ideas are spreading very fast in the Telco industry. However, at the moment, few see a relationship between IMS and SOA, other than the fact that IMS (like the pre-IMS network(s)) can exhibit web services to an application layer implemented around SOA. In this vision, there are two clearly separated worlds: an IMS/SIP core network and a SOA/WS service network, the former integrating with the latter according to the latter's terms, i.e. by exposing its capabilities through web services.

My belief is that such a vision is very partial and totally ignores the capabilities of SIP and IMS for the delivery of services. SIP as a protocol, and IMS as a service architecture, can optimally integrate with and complement a SOA, by bringing a dimension that is currently missing to it and is fundamental: user orientation.

To understand how SIP and IMS can support a User Oriented Architecture (UOA), it is first important to realize that SIP is not only a very generic session control protocol, that can support application-level sessions (see previous entry). SIP also features an important set of non session-related extensions, which make it a very generic service control protocol. The most important of these extensions is certainly the concept of "event package", which is based on the methods SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, and PUBLISH. SIP-based Presence relies on event packages, which permit a user (or application) to access, monitor or modify presence information. However, presence is only the tip of the event package iceberg. There already exist numerous event packages, which permit, e.g. to monitor the activity of a user on a keyboard or the changes made to a user profile, or for a server to receive and interpret stimuli from a graphical user interface (e.g. the user touched this area, then entered this and that key). Event packages permit to create, update and distribute any type of event, data, and commands into a SIP network.

The user orientation of IMS is based on characteristics that are specific to the SIP protocol, and on others that belong specifically to the IMS service architecture.

In short, SIP addresses can relate to services, but are more usually associated to users. The IMS service architecture permits to route SIP requests to devices and to application servers based on the identity of the user. The routing of SIP requests to devices associated to the user is based on normal SIP routing procedures, while the routing of SIP requests to specific application servers is based on "service profiles" associated to each user and stored in the IMS user database, the HSS.

In practice, while SOA would permit an application to access the presence of user X by using a presence service with the identity of a user as parameter, SIP and IMS permit to access the presence of a user via the generation of a SUBSCRIBE which is addressed to the user identity. Instead of being routed to a unique presence service applicable to all users, the SIP request can be routed to an instance of the presence service which is specific to this particular user.

Such a reversal of the addressing and routing approach (service for SOA, user for SIP) is very important, as a request addressed to a SIP user address in IMS can reach a user, but also the devices associated to this user, and applications or application instances associated to this user, whether these applications reside in the network (e.g. presence) or in the device(s) of the user (e.g. a game).

Imagine a health monitoring device installed on the body of the user. A very convenient way for a centralized entity to access health indicators of the user and to monitor their changes over time would be to issue a SUBSCRIBE for a specific event package, and to address this SUBSCRIBE to the user itself. The same SUBSCRIBE addressed to different users will reach the health monitoring devices associated to each of them.

Now, think of all the potential applications of SIP event packages, add to it all the potential applications of the generic session control mechanisms of SIP. Think that there exist other SIP extensions of interest to add to the pack. Then, imagine the potential of a service architecture that combines both SOA and SIP/IMS principles...

Christophe

42 comments:

Unknown said...

Could you describe some escenarios where a service architecture combines both SOA and SIP/IMS principles?

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Anonymous said...

it sounds to me like you're describing the use of a SIP Subscribe operation as one would subscribe to a service in a typical pub/sub model that's used in the service bus implemeneted by message queues in the IT world.

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